Antifungal Activities of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum, Mentha
spicata, Lavandula angustifolia, and Salvia fruticosa Essential Oils
against Human Pathogenic Fungi
KONSTANTIA ADAM, AFRODITI SIVROPOULOU, STELLA KOKKINI, THOMAS LANARAS, AND
MINAS ARSENAKIS.
Abstract
The essential oils of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum, Mentha spicata, Lavandula angustifolia, and Salvia fruticosa exhibited antifungal properties against the human pathogens Malassezia furfur, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichosporon beigelii. Of the four oils, O. vulgare subsp. hirtum oil showed the highest fungicidal activity and at a dilution of 1/50000 caused a 95% reduction in the number of metabolically active cells within 6 h of exposure. Among the main components of the four oils, carvacrol and thymol exhibited the highest levels of antifungal activity. The therapeutic efficacy of the O. vulgare subsp. hirtum essential oil was tested in rats experimentally infected with T. rubrum and yielded promising results. Furthermore, the above essential oils were tested with the Ames test and did not exhibit any mutagenic activity.
Keywords: Essential oils; Origanum vulgare; Mentha spicata; Lavandula angustifolia; Salvia fruticosa; Malassezia furfur; Trichophyton rubrum; Trichosporon beigelii; Dermatophytosis; antifungal; mutagenic; in vivo studies.
Antifungal-Activities-of-Origanum-vulgare-.pdf
Biological activities of the essential oils and methanol extract of
Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare in the Eastern Anatolia region
of Turkey
F. ŞAHIN, M. GÜLLÜCE, D. DAFERERA, A. SÖKMEN, M . SÖKMEN, M. POLISSIOU,
G. AGAR C, H. ÖZER
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activities, antioxidant and properties of essential oils and methanol extracts of Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare plants. The chemical composition of a hydrodistilled essential oil of O. vulgare ssp. vulgare was analyzed by a GC/MS system. A total 62 constituents were identified. Caryophyllene and spathulenol were found to be the main constituents, followed by germacrene-D and a-terpineol. Antioxidant activity was measured employing two methods namely, scavenging of free radical DPPH and the inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation by methanol extracts and the essential oil of O. vulgare ssp. vulgare. Antioxidant studies suggested that methanol extract behaved as a strong free radical scavenger providing IC50 at only 9.9 lg/ml, whereas the oil showed weaker activity with IC50 at 8.9 mg/ml. Total phenolic constituents based on gallic acid equivalents revealed the presence of total soluble phenolics in the extract as 220 lg/mg dry extract (22%, w/w) and, most probably, they are responsible for the radical scavenging activity of methanol extracts. Methanol extract was not effectively able to inhibit linoleic acid oxidation and only 32% inhibition was achieved at 2 mg/ml concentration, far below that of the positive control (butylated hyroxytoluene, BHT) at the same concentration. However, 2.2 mg/ml essential oil solutions provided 50% inhibition in the linoleic acid oxidation test system. The antimicrobial test results showed that the essential oil of O. vulgare ssp. vulgare had great potential of antimicrobial activity against all 10 bacteria, and 15 fungi and yeast species tested. In contrast, the methanol extract from aerial parts of O. vulgare plant showed no antimicrobial activity. The result may suggest that the essential oil O. vulgare ssp. vulgare possesses compounds with antimicrobial properties as well as antioxidant activity, and therefore can be used as a natural preservative ingredient in food and/or pharmaceutical industry. 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare; Essential oil; Antimicrobial activity; Antioxidant activity; DPPH; b-carotene–linoleic acid
Biological-activities-of-the-essential-oils-and-methanol-extract-of-Origanum-vulgare.pdf
Chemical composition and antioxidant effect of glycosidically bound
volatile compounds from oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum)
M. MILOS, J. MASTELIC, I. JERKOVIC
Abstract
The present work examines the content and chemical composition of the glycosidically bound volatiles from oregano as well as their antioxidative properties. The glycosidically bound volatiles amounted to 20 mg kg-1 in dried leaves and flowers of oregano. Fourteen volatile aglycones were identified with thymoquinone as the major component. Other important aglycones were benzyl alcohol, eugenol, 2-phenyl-ethanol, thymol, 3-hexen-1-ol and carvacrol. It was found that all of the aglycones have an antioxidant effect when tested by measuring peroxide values of lard stored at 60°C. These results were compared to the antioxidative activity of oregano essential oil, pure thymol, thymoquinone and also to α-tocoferol which is well known among natural antioxidant com-pounds. # 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Origanum vulgare L.; Glycosides; Natural antioxidants; Antioxidant activity
Composición química y actividad
antibacteriana del aceite esencial del
Origanum vulgare (orégano).
ALBADO PLAUS EMILIA, SAEZ FLORES GLORIA, GRABIEL ATAUCUSI SANDRA
Abstract
Objetive: To investigate the antimicrobial activity of essential oil (Carvacrol) from Origanum vulgare. Materials and methods: The essential oil was obtained by steam water destilation dried leaves and floral; The specific gravity was obtained by a pycnometer. The refractometer Abbc was employed for the refraction Index. The chemical composition was evaluated by gas chromatography with mass detector (GC-MS). Antimicrobial activity of O. vulgare oil was tested by semicuantittive pour plate and the agar overlay methods. Results: The specific gravity a 20°C was o,9234 and the refraction index was 1,4774. The GC-MS showed Carvacrol (9%), P-cymene (6,86%), Terpineol (12,19) and others relationated metabolic compounds. The Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomona aeuruginosa, Salmonella tiphymurium, Salmonella cholerae suis, Vibrio cholerae and the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus showed sensibility. Only Pseudomona aeruginosa showed resistance. Conclusion: The essencial oil examined had an antimicrobial activity against all bacterias evaluated, with the exception of P. aeruginosa. ( Rev Med Hered 2001; 12: 16-19 ).
Key words: Origanum vulgare, oil essential, antibacterial activity, antimicrobial activity.
Composici-n-qu-mica-y-actividad-antibacteriana-del-aceite-esencial-del-Origanum-vulgare.pdf