Acaricidal Properties of Artemisia absinthium and Tanacetum vulgare
(Asteraceae) Essential Oils Obtained by Three Methods of Extraction
HÉLÈNE CHIASSON, ANDRÉ BÉLANGER, NOUBAR BOSTANIAN, CHARLES VINCENT,
AND ANDRÉ POLIQUIN
Abstract
Essential oils of Artemisia absinthium L. and Tanacetum vulgare L. were extracted by three methods, a microwave assisted process (MAP), distillation in water (DW) and direct steam distillation (DSD), and tested for their relative toxicity as contact acaricides to the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. All three extracts of A. absinthium and of T. vulgare were lethal to the spider mite but to variable degrees. The LC50 obtained from the DSD oil of A. absinthium was signiÞcantly lower (0.04 mg/cm2) than that of the MAP (0.13 mg/cm2) and DW (0.13 mg/cm2) oil of this plant species. DSD and DW extracts of T. vulgare were more toxic (75.6 and 60.4% mite mortality, respectively, at 4% concentration) to the spider mite than the MAP extract (16.7% mite mortality at 4% concentration). Chromatographic analysis indicated differences in composition between the more toxic DSD oil of A. absinthium and the other two extracts of this plant, indicating that a sesquiterpene (C15H24) compound present in the DSD oil and absent in the other two may enhance the toxicity of the DSD oil. Chemical analysis of the T. vulgare extracts indicated that b-thujone is by far the major compound of the oil (.87.6%) and probably contributes signiÞcantly to the acaricidal activity of the oil.
Key words: twospotted spider mite, Artemisia absinthium, Tanacetum vulgare, acaricide, essential oil extracts.
Study of analgesic and
anti-inflammatory activity From
plant extracts of Lactuca scariola
and Artemisia absinthium
FAYYAZ AHMAD*, RAFEEQ A. KHAN*, SHAHID RASHEED*
Abstract
Seeds and samples of stems from the two medicinal plants, Lactuca scariola and Artemisia absinthium respectively were extracted in absolute methanol to determine their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. The analgesic activity was assessed on intact mice by tail flick latency in tail immersion method. The anti-inflammatory activity was estimated volumetrically by measuring the mean increase in hind paw volume of rat with the help of plethysmometer. Acetylsalicylic acid in the dose of 300 mg/kg is used as standard drug. Both plant extracts were given in the doses of 300, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Control group received 0.9% NaCI (saline) solution. All the doses administered orally. Results showed that Lactuca had potent analgesic activity and Artemisia had significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.
Key Words: Lactuca scariola, artemisia absinthium, methanolic extract, analgesia, anti-inflammatory.
Actividad-analg-sica-de-Artemisia.pdf
Determination of the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant
Activity of the Essential Oil of Artemisia dracunculus and of
the Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities of Turkish Artemisia
absinthium, A. dracunculus, Artemisia santonicum, and
Artemisia spicigera Essential Oils
SABAN KORDALI, RECEP KOTAN, AHMET MAVI, AHMET CAKIR, ARZU ALA, AND ALI YILDIRIM
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, and Department of Chemistry, Kazım
Karabekir Education Faculty, Atatürk University, Campus, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
Abstract
The essential oil isolated from Turkish tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) by hydrodistillation was analyzed by GC-MS. Thirty compounds representing 99.5% of total oil were identified. The predominant components in the oil were (Z)-anethole (81.0%), (Z)-â-ocimene (6.5%), (E)-â-ocimene (3.1%), limonene (3.1%), and methyleugenol (1.8%). The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the essential oils isolated from A. dracunculus, Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia santonicum, and Artemisia spicigera oils were also evaluated. In general, the oils exhibited potent antifungal activity at a wide spectrum on the growth of agricultural pathogenic fungi. Among the oils, the weakest antifungal activity was shown by the oil of A. dracunculus. In many cases, the oils of A. absinthium, A. santonicum, and A. spicigera completely inhibited the growth of some fungal species. As compared with antibacterial activities of all of tested oils, A. santonicum and A. spicigera oils showed antibacterial activities over a very wide spectrum. However, the essential oils tested showed lower inhibition zones than the inhibition zones of penicillin. In addition, antioxidant and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of tarragon oil were determined, and weak antioxidant and DPPH radical scavenging activities were found in comparison to butylated hydroxytoluene.
Keywords: Compositae; Artemisia; essential oil; (Z)-anethole; antibacterial; antifungal; antioxidant; DPPH radical scavenging.
Preventive and Curative Effects of
Artemisa absinthium on Acetaminophen
and CC14-induced Hepatotoxicity
ANWAR-UL HASSAN GILANI and KHALID HUSSAIN JANBAZ
Department of Pharmacology, The Aga Khan University Medical College, Faculty of Health Sciences,Karachi-74800, Pakistan [Fax: (92) 21 493 4294]
(Received 4 July 1994)
Abstract
Effect of aqueous-methanolic extract of Artemisia absinthium (Compositae) was investigated against acetaminophen- and CCl4-induced hepatic damage. Acetaminophen produced 100% mortality at the dose of 1 g/kg in mice while pretreatment of animals with plant extract (500 mg/kg) reduced the death rate to 20%. Pretreatment of rats with plant extract (500 mg/kg, orally twice daily for two days) prevented (P < 0.01) the acetaminophen (640 mg/kg) as well as CCI 4 (1.5 ml/kg)-induced rise in serum transaminases (GOT and GPT). Post-treatment with three successive doses of extract (500 mg/kg, 6 hr) restricted the hepatic damage induced by acetaminophen (P < 0.01) but CC14-induced hepatotoxicity was not altered (P > 0.05). Plant extract (500 mg/kg) caused significant prolongation (P < 0.05) in pentobarbital (75 mg/kg)- induced sleep as well as increased strychnine-induced lethality in mice suggestive of inhibitory effect on microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes (MDME). These results indicate that the crude extract of Artemisia absinthium exhibits hepatoprotective action partly through MDME inhibitory action and validates the traditional use of plant in hepatic damage.
Key Words: Artemisia absinthium, preventive, curative, acetaminophen, CC14, hepatotoxicity